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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant medication is the initial treatment of choice for ADHD. They have a long track record of high response, excellent tolerance, and safety over the life span. It's crucial to find the right dosage and medication that alleviates your child's or your own symptoms without side effects. This usually requires many trials and error, as well as regular communication with your doctor. Stimulants Stimulants are drugs that increase activity in the central nervous system. They are extensively used as stimulants for cognitive enhancement and performance by students, athletes artists, workers, and students. They are also used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, binge eating disorder, as well as other anxiety disorders. The most commonly used stimulant medications are amphetamines and methylphenidates. FDA-approved prescription stimulants come in both extended-release and immediate-release formulations. Immediate-release medications are usually taken every four hours, as needed. When they wear off they can trigger a sudden and short-term loss of energy. The crash can cause extreme mood swings, hunger, and fatigue. Instant-release medication can also increase blood pressure and heartbeat in certain people. This is especially true when they do not consume enough food. Extended-release medications are designed to release active ingredients over a time of 8-16 hours. Your doctor may recommend this kind of medication if your goal is lasting symptom control and do not need to take a pill several times per day. Ritalin Concerta and Focalin are all extended-release methylphenidate medications. Daytrana is a long-acting methylphenidate product that adheres to your skin like a bandage, and is able to last for the entire day. This kind of medication is often given to people with ADHD who require a daily dose that lasts longer than the immediate-release alternatives. Stimulant medications do not cure ADHD but it can help manage the symptoms by improving how neurons in the brain communicate. By blocking or binding their receptors, they can affect the levels of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. This allows for the release of more neurotransmitters, which improves the transmission and reception of messages between neurons. In addition to stimulants, doctors sometimes prescribe antidepressants to treat ADHD. The majority of antidepressants prescribed to treat ADHD affect the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in your brain. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors are a good choice for people suffering from depression or anxiety. medication for adult add are typically combined with stimulants to boost their effectiveness. Your doctor may change between stimulant and a non-stimulant drug if your current medication isn't working or has an unacceptably side effects. Long-acting Stimulants can help 70% to 80% of children and adults with ADHD. They help reduce symptoms such as fidgeting, talking over others, and losing focus in conversations or tasks. They also help improve the quality of work and social skills. Stimulant medications start working as soon as they cross the blood-brain barrier, which can take anywhere between 45 and 60 minutes. They increase norepinephrine and dopamine levels in brain cells, which decreases the impulsivity and hyperactivity. The FDA-approved stimulant medications contain two molecules: Methylphenidate (Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse, Concerta) and amphetamine (Ritalin, Adderall XR, Vyvanse XR). These stimulants can trigger side effects such as nausea or loss of appetite, as well as increased blood pressure. They can also trigger anxiety and headaches. They can also make tics more severe and may cause sleep problems in some people. Long-acting stimulants (such as Strattera and Wellbutrin) are effective throughout the night and day unlike the short-acting drugs that only last a few hours. They can be used to treat other ailments such as depression or anxiety. These medicines work by altering how your body regulates monoamine oxidases. Monoamine oxidases are enzymes that break down dopamine as well as other neurotransmitters inside the brain. When these chemicals aren't broken down into smaller pieces, they remain in your body for a longer time, which affects your behavior and thinking. Long-acting medications can have fewer adverse effects. Your doctor may prescribe smaller doses, which you take throughout the day. Some stimulants come in extended-release form that you can take once every day. This can be more convenient for some adults, but it's crucial to remember that you take them each day. Other medications have been shown to be effective for many people suffering from ADHD such as selective serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). These are usually used for anxiety or depression however they can also be prescribed for ADHD and 70% of people react. Bupropion (Wellbutrin) is a different SSRI that has been approved for ADHD and has been proven to be more effective than placebos in a controlled study. These medications can have severe side effects like hearing ringing anxiety, changes to vision and lung and heart function in certain people. Short-acting The stimulant medication helps reduce ADHD symptoms by increasing levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. These are the two chemicals that help people focus and control their behavior. They are available in a variety of forms, and each has its own brand name, such as Adderall, Vyvanse, Ritalin and Concerta. There are two main types of stimulant medications such as the methylphenidates (such as methylphenidate) and amphetamines (such as dextroamphetamine). They all have similar effects, but their duration of action differs. The methylphenidates produce less lasting effects that can last up to three hours, whereas the amphetamines provide longer-lasting effects. Certain people are more in their ability to take long-acting stimulant medications than those that use short-acting drugs, so your doctor may prescribe this type. It is important to learn all you can about the drug and its possible side effects, how often it is recommended to take it and any warnings specific to the medication that should be heeded. This will help you and your physician determine the best medication for you. These medications can also cause some adverse side effects such as difficulty sleeping or loss in appetite. Talk to your doctor when you experience these side effects. You may need to alter your dosage or try another drug. Adults with ADHD who aren't responding well to the stimulants might be treated with non-stimulant drugs that take longer to get started but improve a person's ability to concentrate and control impulses. These medications can be prescribed as a stand-alone or together with stimulants. The first one is atomoxetine (brand names Strattera and Qelbree) It is a stimulant of norepinephrine and dopamine levels in the prefrontal cortex which regulates the behavior. Guanfacine is also known as Intuniv, belongs to the class of drugs known as alpha-agonists. These drugs work by blocking reuptake and increasing the level of brain chemicals in the bloodstream. Guanfacine was developed for high blood pressure, but has also been shown to help people with ADHD. Combinations People with ADHD utilize a variety of drug combinations. This includes stimulants that are depressant type drugs like the guanfacine and clonidine. These drugs can have a calming effect on the brain and can reduce symptoms like sleeplessness and aggressive behavior. They also aid in preventing the onset of withdrawal from stimulants. However, this combination could be dangerous if it is not used correctly. Serotonin syndrome is a drug emergency which occurs when there is too much serotonin in the body. This combination may also increase the blood pressure and heart rate. The risks of taking this medication are greater for people with pre-existing conditions such as high blood pressure or heart disease. Combinations of stimulants are more and more being used by teenagers and young adults. These substances are often called “legal highs” and are available in pharmacies. These drugs are also available on the black market. These substances are dangerous particularly when they are combined with alcohol and other drugs. This is referred to as polydrug usage and is extremely risky. Mixing drugs can result in unpredictability and negative effects. These include increased heart rate, reduced respiration, paranoia and hallucinations. A study concluded that combination therapy was more effective than monopharmacotherapy in treating ADHD. Combining medications increased adherence and allowed patients to achieve greater symptom relief than monotherapy. However there were many patients who stopped their treatment due to adverse effects. In some cases it was reported that the medication was withdrawn because of sleep problems or worsening tics. This could be due to a poor diagnosis or lack of medication. Nonstimulants are an alternative treatment for ADHD. These drugs are effective in improving the ability to focus and impulse control however they are not as effective as stimulants. They are also less likely to suppress growth and reduce appetite. Certain antidepressants are also prescribed for ADHD. However, they have a smaller chance of improving concentration and focus. In a number of studies, in a number of studies, atomoxetine (Concerta), when combined with methylphenidate, produced better results than any drug on its on its own. Combining the two drugs was shown to improve adherence and reduce adverse effects in the majority of people. The combination also proved effective for adolescents and young adults. This combination could be a feasible option for children suffering from severe ADHD.